Medical management of hyperthyroidism

Abstract

Medical management is the mainstay of treatment for hyperthyroidism and it is the initial treatment modality for patients requiring definitive therapeutic options, either radioactive iodine or surgery. Thionamides are the first line of drugs. Alternative drugs are used for controlling hyperthyroidism wherein thionamides cannot be used. Similarly, adjuvant therapy combined with thionamides may be required for rapid and effective control of hyperthyroidism in special clinical scenarios. The choice of drug is individualized considering underlying etiology, current symptoms, long-term risks, adverse effects, cost-effectiveness, and patient's preferences. This chapter describes the mechanism of action, clinical indications, and side effects of various thyroid inhibitors including future targeted therapies.