El Gasto Energético del Venado Cola Blanca (Odocoileus Virginianus Texanus) en Relación a La Precipitación en una Zona Semiárida de México

  • Gallina S
  • Bello J
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Abstract

L os requerimientos energ�ticos de un animal dependen de su metabolismo basal, actividad y estado fisiol�gico. Se desconoce como es el gasto energ�tico del venado cola blanca texano en zonas �ridas y semi�ridas. Por lo tanto es importante conocer como responden los individuos a los cambios en su ambiente, derivados principalmente de los cambios por la precipitaci�n a lo largo del tiempo que afecta al alimento y la cobertura. Se analiza el gasto energ�tico del venado cola blanca texano y su variaci�n de acuerdo al tipo de comportamiento, sexo, �poca y a�o en el noreste de M�xico. Este trabajo fue realizado en el Rancho San Francisco y en el Rancho Pe�itas, en los Municipios de Lampazos, Nuevo Le�n y Progreso, Coahuila, M�xico. Se utiliz� radiotelemetr�a siguiendo 10 machos y 14 hembras de venado (con collares con sensor de actividad) desde 1995 a 1998. Se pudieron registrar tres actividades principales: alimentaci�n, desplazamiento y descanso. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las tres pautas de comportamiento, el mayor gasto ocurre con el descanso. La interacci�n �poca-a�o, y entre sexos solamente hubo diferencias en la pauta de alimentaci�n. El gasto energ�tico del venado cola blanca en zonas �ridas si difiere entre sexos ya que los machos gastaron m�s energ�a (1726 � 38 kcal/d�a/individuo) que las hembras (1556 � 35 kcal/d�a/individuo). Los venados tuvieron un menor gasto energ�tico para alimentarse y moverse en los a�os con condiciones de sequ�a m�s severa como 1995 y 1996, cuando el alimento es m�s escaso, lo que indica que los venados en estas zonas �ridas tienen una estrategia conductual para tratar de ahorrar energ�a cuando las condiciones ambientales son desfavorables. Aunque en a�os secos como 1995 los venados gastan energ�a para actividades fundamentales como es la reproducci�n. T he energetic requirements of animals are dependent upon their basal metabolism, behavior and physiological conditions. Every activity of the animal represents an energetic cost. It is unknown how deer deal with the thermal conditions in arid and semiarid areas where the air temperature is higher than 40�C and the precipitation is lower than 400 mm annually. Therefore, it is important to understand the energetic cost between sexes under different physiological conditions and in different years. This can also help us understand the response of individuals to annual variation in environmental changes such as the amount of precipitation that influences food availability and amount of protective cover. This research was carried out in Rancho San Francisco and Rancho Pe�itas, in the Municipality of Lampazos, Nuevo Le�n and Progreso, Coahuila, M�xico. From 1995 to 1998, 10 bucks and 14 does with radiocollars (with activity sensor) were tracked. We were able to record three main activities: feeding, walking and resting. We found significant differences in each of the three activity patterns and found that the greatest energy expenditure occurs while the animal is resting. The energy expenditure of the white tailed deer in arid zones differs between sexes because males spent more energy (1726 � 38 kcal/day/individual) than females (1556 � 35 kcal/day/individual). We found significant differences between season-year interactions in the three activity patterns. However, the only difference we found between sexes was the energy expenditure while feeding. Deer in arid zones had less energetic expenditure in years with severe drought, when food was scarce, suggesting that they are capable of modifying their behavioral strategies in order to save energy when environmental conditions are unfavorable.

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APA

Gallina, S., & Bello, J. (2010). El Gasto Energético del Venado Cola Blanca (Odocoileus Virginianus Texanus) en Relación a La Precipitación en una Zona Semiárida de México. Therya, 1(1), 9–22. https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-10-1

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