Preoperative Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injection Increases the Risk of a Dural Tear during Minimally Invasive Lumbar Discectomy

Abstract

Background: Preoperative lumbar epidural steroid injections (LESI) are known to be a risk factor for intraoperative dural tears in traditional spine surgery. However, whether the same holds true after minimally invasive surgery is debatable. The authors decided to investigate the incidence of complications in patients undergoing minimally invasive lumbar discectomy after a preoperative LESI. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out on patients ages 21 to 65 years who underwent minimally invasive lumbar discectomy over 3 years between November 2017 and October 2020. These were classified into 2 groups based on the administration of an LESI within a year of surgery. Those receiving LESI were further subdivided on the basis of the proximity of the injection to the surgery. The complications encountered during and up to 6 months after the surgery were recorded. Various demographic variables were also noted. Results: A total of 315 patients were included in the study, of which 129 were in the LESI group and 186 were in the non-LESI group. The overall complication rate was 13.65%, with 17.83% in the LESI group and 10.75% in the non-LESI group (P = 0.07). Patients receiving an LESI were 2.49 times more likely to suffer from intraoperative dural tears compared to the other group (95% CI: 1.00–6.20, P = 0.049). This was more prevalent in those who were administered an LESI within 3 months of the surgery (OR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.12–9.40, P = 0.03). However, the rates of other complications including infections were comparable. Conclusions: A history of LESI within 3 months of the surgery is a risk factor of intraoperative dural tears. However, other complications, including infections, are not affected by a preoperative LESI. Clinical Relevance: A history of an LESI within 3 months of a proposed minimally invasive discectomy should make the surgeon extra-cautious of the risk of a dural tear.