Uji daya hambat minyak atsiri kulit buah jeruk bali (Citrus maxima) terhadap bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacterium that is commonly associated with Healthcare-Associated infections (HAI), particularly Multidrug-resistance (MDR) P. aeruginosa. The polyphenolic compounds found in the peel of pomelo (C. maxima) are reported to have shown an effective antimicrobial effect. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of C. maxima peel essential oil on the growth of P. aeruginosa bacteria. Methods: This in vitro study evaluates the inhibitory effect of C. maxima peel essential oil against clinical isolate strains (SP47) and MDR P. aeruginosa by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone (mm). Five series of essential oil concentrations (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) and the control group were used in the paper disk diffusion test with three repetitions (triplet). All data were statistically analyzed using SPSS ver. 20. Results: A total of 4.85 mL of essential oil from 7.2 kg of C. maxima fruit peel was obtained. Inhibition zones were observed in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa by concentrations of 60%, 80%, 100%, and K+ with means of 6.27±0.08 mm; 6.71±0.19 mm; 9.08±0.29 mm; and 40.8±0.48 mm, respectively. In MDR P. aeruginosa, the inhibition zone by concentrations of 80%, 100%, and K+ with means of 6.45±0.13 mm; 7.15±0.13 mm; and 9.08±0.34 mm, respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean diameter within groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: C. maxima fruit peel essential oil was able to inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa bacteria, both clinical and MDR isolates. There were differences in inhibition between the concentration series.   Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi in vitro yang mengevaluasi daya hambat minyak atsiri kulit buah C. maxima terhadap strain isolat klinis (SP47) dan MDR P. aeruginosa melalui pengukuran diameter zona hambat (mm). Sebanyak lima seri konsentrasi minyak atsiri (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, dan 100%) dan kelompok kontrol digunakan dalam uji paper disk diffusion dengan pengulangan sebanyak tiga kali (triplet) Seluruh data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan SPSS ver. 20. Hasil: Sebanyak 4,85 mL minyak atsiri dari 7,2 kg kulit buah C. maxima diperoleh dengan metode destilasi uap. Zona hambat teramati pada isolat klinis P. aeruginosa oleh konsetrasi 60%, 80%, 100%, dan K+ dengan rerata sebesar 6,27±0,08 mm; 6,71±0,19 mm; 9,08±0,29 mm; dan 40,8±0,48 mm berturut-turut. Zona hambat juga teramati pada isolat MDR P. aeruginosa oleh konsetrasi 80%, 100%, dan K+ dengan rerata sebesar 6,45±0,13 mm; 7,15±0,13 mm; dan 9,08±0,34 mm berturut-turut. Terdapat perbedaan rerata diameter yang signifikan antar kelompok uji (p<0,05). Simpulan: Minyak atsiri kulit buah C. maxima mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri P. aeruginosa baik isolat klinis maupun MDR. Adapun terdapat perbedaan daya hambat antar seri konsentrasi. Kata kunci: antimikroba, citrus maxima, minyak atsiri, multidrug resistant