Different Techniques of Solar Rooftop Combo-PV/T System Implementation: Materials and Installations

Abstract

Sun radiation been utilized to produce clean and environmental-friendly solar energy. Beside has been used as heat energy, it also has been used as electricity. Solar photovoltaic and thermal (PV/T) collector is a combo system that utilize solar PV technology and solar heater technology all together in one simply module. At the time PV system is irradiated with solar energy, the cell temperature increases significantly. As the heat that extracted is passing through a heat extracting fluid in such way under the module, then this heat is transferred become hot air and water. This paper aims to reveal several materials that been used to design solar combo-PV/T collector modules and their gains and drawbacks, and the installation onto households' rooftops. Water-based and nanofluids-based PV/T modules are two technologies that being considered in this paper. All the comparisons that have been made turned out to match the assumption that the greater the difference of temperature between ambient temperature and temperature of the cells of the module, the less efficient the electrical efficiency and electrical output of the PV module and also to overcome the problem of low thermal conductivity. The considered water-nanofluids PV/T solar collector modules then put into account for better performance to improve the raised problem of thermal conductivity.