Factors associated with healthcare-seeking behavior for symptomatic acute respiratory infection among children in East Africa: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Although there has been promising progress in the reduction of child mortality from ARI, the magnitude is high yet, especially in East Africa. Since mothers/guardians decide upon the type and frequency of healthcare services for children, their good healthcare-seeking behavior could prevent acute respiratory infections (ARI) related mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to investigate the pooled prevalence and factors associated with healthcare-seeking behavior of children younger than five years with ARI symptoms by using data from nationally representative surveys of East Africa. Methods: We analyzed secondary data based on the eleven East African Demographic and Health Survey data. Both Individual and community level variables were considered for this study and a multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify associated factors of children’s healthcare-seeking behavior for ARI symptoms. STATA V.14 software was used to clean, recode and analyze the data. All variables with a p-value = 0.2 in the bi-variable analysis were considered for the multivariable multilevel analysis. Adjusted OR (AOR) with 95% CI was reported to reveal significantly associated factors in the multivariable multilevel analysis. Result: The overall prevalence of healthcare-seeking behavior of under-five children for ARI symptoms was 64.4% in East Africa. In the multilevel analysis, the following characteristics were found to be the most important factors of children healthcare seeking behavior for ARI symptoms (P < 0.05): Rural residence [AOR = 0.51, 95% CI (0.37–0.65)], high community level media usage [AOR = 1.63, 95% CI (1.49–1.79)], high community level women education [AOR = 1.51, 95% CI (1.39–1.66)], primary education [AOR = 1.62, 95% CI (1.45–1.82)], secondary education and above [AOR = 1.99, 95% CI (1.71–2.32)], working mother [AOR = 1.33, 95% CI (1.20–1.48)], unmarried women [AOR = 1.15, 95% CI (1.04–1.27)], media access [AOR = 1.43, 95% CI (1.20–1.58)], richest [AOR = 1.39, 95% CI (1.29–1.51)], distance to health facility not a big problem [AOR = 1.11, 95% CI (1.02–1.21)], Place of delivery at health facilities [AOR = 1.77, 95% CI (1.60–1.95)], age of child 7–23 months [AOR = 1.59, 95% CI (1.39–1.82)], age of child 24–59 months [AOR = 1.24, 95% CI (1.09–1.41)] in comparison with children aged 0–6 months, family size > 10 [AOR = 1.53, 95% CI (1.22–1.92)]. Conclusions and recommendations: The overall prevalence of children’s healthcare-seeking behavior for ARI symptoms was found relatively low in East Africa, ARI symptoms were determined by individual-level variables and community-level factors. Targeted interventions are needed to improve socioeconomic and health systems to overcome the problem of acute respiratory infection in children. Special attention is required to empower local health staff and health facilities to provide proper diagnosis and management of ARI cases in East Africa.