Panic disorder in a breath-holding challenge test: A simple tool for a better diagnosis

Abstract

Objective: Our aim was to observe if anxiety disorder patients - DSM-IV - respond in a similar way to the induction of panic attacks by a breath-holding challenge test. Method: We randomly selected 29 panic disorder (PD) patients, 27 social anxiety disorder (SAD) patients, 21 generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients. They were induced to breath-hold for as long as possible four times with two-minute interval between them. Anxiety scales were applied before and after the test. Results: A total of 44.8% (n = 13) PD patients, 14.8% (n = 4) SAD patients, 9.5% (n = 2) GAD patients had a panic attack after the test (χ2 = 21.44, df = 2, p = 0.001). There was no heart rate or anxiety levels difference among the groups before and after the test. Conclusion: In this breath-holding challenge test the panic disorder patients were more sensitive than other anxiety disorder patients.