Surfactant-mediated fabrication of optical nanoprobes

Abstract

Modern bio-imaging techniques often employ contrast agents to improve the image quality and also to provide specific information about anatomical structure and/or the function of biological systems. Quantum dots, fluorescent dye-doped silica and gold nanoparticles are important examples of new nanoparticulate-based imaging agents that have overcome many of the limitations of conventional contrast media such as organic dyes. These agents have the ability to provide enhanced photostability and sensitivity in combination with sufficient in vitro and in vivo stability. Surfactant-mediated methods are one of the most versatile strategies for synthesizing nanosized contrast agents. Microemulsion-mediated synthesis, in particular, offers a widely applicable approach to produce a variety of engineered optical nanoprobes presenting good control over nanoparticle size, design and robust surface derivatization. Herein the authors provide a review of surfactant chemistry and strategies, with a particular focus on microemulsions, for generating luminescent nanoprobes, such as quantum dots, fluorescent silica and gold nanoparticles for bioimaging applications. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.