Effects of ochratoxin A alone and in combination with citrinin on kidney function of single comb White Leghorn pullets.

Abstract

The present study was designed to evaluate the acute effects of ochratoxin A (OA) on pullet renal function, and to determine if the diuretic effects of citrinin are altered by acute ochratoxicosis. Birds were injected intramuscularly with a 1-mg/mL solution of OA at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight for 2 consecutive days. Control birds received an equal volume injection of the OA carrier vehicle (100% ethanol). On the 3rd day, birds were anesthetized and prepared for renal function studies. Following 30 min of control urine and plasma collection, an intravenous infusion containing 400 ppm citrinin was initiated, and urine and plasma were collected for an additional 70 min. The OA alone caused an increase in manure moisture and increased hematocrits (hemoconcentration), but direct effects on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine flow rate/GFR, para-aminohippuric acid clearance (CPAH), free water clearance (FWC), and electrolye excretion (Na, K, Ca, P) were not consistently demonstrated. The OA may cause hemoconcentration by causing a subtle increase in urine flow (diuresis), or by increasing intestinal water loss (diarrhea). Citrinin infusion caused increased urine flow rate, increased urine flow rate/GFR, increased FWC, increased Na excretion, and decreased urine osmolality. Pretreatment with OA attenuated these effects of citrinin, presumably due to renal compensation for the OA-induced hemoconcentration. Citrinin and OA do not appear to have additive diuretic effects during the first 48 h of toxin exposure.