Marcadores de senescencia celular en cáncer y precáncer oral

Abstract

Recent studies have demonstrated the capacity of the human organism to prevent the growth of potentially carcinogenic cells, paralyzing them. This antitumor mechanism, which acts as a brake on the malignant process, was already known in lab studies "in vitro" but has now also been verified "in vivo" in mice and in tissue samples from cancer patients. This mechanism is known as cellular senescence and is defined as an emergency defense system for cells on the way to becoming cancerous, i.e., a response to the stimulation of an oncogene. These cells are sentenced to "life imprisonment", impeding the progression of premalignant lesions. This review aims to describe this mechanism and present an update of the evidence on this phenomenon in the setting of oral cancer and precancer.