Polyethylene based polymer for joint replacement

Abstract

It is well known that the debris generated from the Ultra-High molecular weight polyethylene socket may cause adverse tissue biological reactions leading to bone loss or osteolysis. A major consequence of the debris-induced osteolysis is the loosening of the implant inside the femur or acetabular cup, which often necessitates a revision surgery. Throughout the years several materials have been used in total hip replacement surgery. In particular, metals, ceramics and polymers are used nowadays for acetabular cup components. High molecular weight polyethylene is widely used and represents the principal polymeric material used in artificial replacement of hip and knee joints. High molecular weight polyethylene is known to have superior resistance to wear compared to other polymers. Actually, in order to increase long-term performance of Ultra-High molecular weight polyethylene acetabular cups, reinforcement as carbon fibres has been added in the polymeric matrix. The leading opinion is to develop a high strength reinforced polymeric matrix such as self-reinforced Ultra-High molecular weight polyethylene. With increasing patient longevity and activity levels, a search for the ultimate polymer is important.