Anaphylactic symptoms and anaphylactic shock

Abstract

Anaphylactic symptoms and anaphylactic shock are serious, rapidly developing and potentially fatal systemic reactions occurring after contact with the trigger, followed by release of a number of substances that affect vascular permeability, smooth muscle tone of blood vessels and bronchi with activation of the systemic inflammatory cascade. From a pathophysiological point of view, it can be an IgE-mediated immune response followed by massive release of biologically active mediators from mast cells and basophils (IgE dependent). If the mastocyt/basophil is degranulated via a direct IgE-free pathway, it is non-allergic (non-IgE dependent, anaphylactoid anaphylaxis). The diagnosis of anaphylaxis is determined on the basis of clinical criteria, taking into account the need to initiate therapy in a life-threat-ening condition without delay. Adrenaline is the first-line drug in the treatment of anaphylaxis and there is no contra-indication to its use. Early provision of venous intake is essential for the patient to develop hypotension.