SARS-CoV-2-Induced Adrenal Crisis in a Patient with Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 1: Case Report

Abstract

Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes (APS) are rare disorders characterized by the coexistence of endocrine and non-endocrine dysfunctions mediated by autoimmune mechanisms. Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 is defined as coexistence of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, and autoimmune adrenal insufficiency. Addison’s disease as the obligatory component is potentially life threatening. Herein, we demonstrate a case of a 44-year-old woman with APS-1 (hypoparathyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism) and SARS-CoV-2-induced adrenal crisis. The patient presented with the typical manifestations of hypotensive shock, electrolyte disturbances of hyponatremia and hyperkalemia, and hypoglycaemia. Our case report illustrates the increased risk of severe course of COVID-19 in APS-1 syndrome patients along with heightened exposure to medical complications. The case reinforced the significance of a timely diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and education of patients with such a rare condition like APS-1.