Current advances in multi-epitope viral vaccines development and research

Abstract

Viral diseases are major public health concern and cause significant morbidity and mortality globally. The following dreadful viruses viz. Influenza virus, Ebola virus (EBOV), and Sudan virus are the most recent viruses to cause a global health concern. Despite recent progress in reduced deaths by viral infection, need for new molecular, immunoinformatic tools, together with safe plus effective vaccines is prerequisite due to the pros and cons of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines in failure to provide optimal protection. The challenges for viral vaccine advancements are not restricted for recognition of suitable antigens or adjuvants and delivery methods, nonetheless cover technical and manufacturing hurdles in transforming a vaccine to clinic. Research and process improvement is technological basis which prompts production of new vaccines, essential for commercialization. In this review, we emphasize the present status and recent advances in designing and developing viral vaccines.