Ethical governance of forensic DNA databases in Southeast Asia

Abstract

Over the past 36 years since its discovery, DNA profiling has contributed to improving forensic investigations by helping to identify human sources of biological samples. A critical part of the identification process is a comprehensive understanding of the genetic variation of forensically relevant DNA markers in human populations. Hence the continuous need to undertake DNA databasing research that is rigorous, intensive, and inclusive. In DNA database research, the treatment of human subjects is commonly based on international ethical guidelines such as the 2013 Declaration of Helsinki, the 2016 Declaration of Taipei, and the 2016 CIOMS Guidelines. DNA research necessitates an understanding of the sensitive nature of DNA itself since its effects permeate through individual, familial, and community concerns. Informed consent, data protection, independence of ethics committees, funding and benefitsharing, and public engagement are discussed using a Southeast Asian lens. Overall, the ethical governance of forensic DNA database research in the ten countries that make up the ASEAN must consider the extensive genetic diversity and vulnerabilities of different populations and cultural groups in the region. Research stakeholders will realize that presumptions about ethical elements pervasive in Western developed countries - where a simple yes may signify consent - are not immediately applicable to all populations, including those in Southeast Asia where customs, traditions, cultures, and languages vary. Therefore, greater responsibility for public engagement and dialogue must be pursued to ensure that all efforts are exerted to "do no harm" and actively contribute to community knowledge generation and security.