Clinical outcomes and visual prognostic factors in congenital aniridia

Abstract

Background: Evaluate outcomes and identify prognostic factors in congenital aniridia. Methods: Retrospective interventional case series of patients with congenital aniridia treated between 2012–2020. Ocular examination and surgical details were collected. Surgical failure was defined as disease progression or need for additional surgery for same/related indication. Kaplan–Meier survival curves, Wilcoxon test, and univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed. Results: Ninety-four patients with congenital aniridia presented at median 19.0 years. Two-thirds of patients underwent ≥ 1intraocular surgery, with average of 1.7 ± 2.3 surgeries/eye. At final follow-up (median 4.0 years), 45% of eyes had undergone lensectomy. Aphakic eyes showed worse visual acuity (VA) than phakic or pseudophakic eyes. Glaucoma affected 52% of eyes, of which half required IOP-lowering surgery. Glaucoma drainage devices showed the highest success rate (71%) at 14.2 ± 15.4 years of follow-up. Keratopathy affected 65% of eyes and one-third underwent corneal surgery. Keratoprosthesis had the longest survival rates at 10-years (64% with 95% CI [32,84]). LogMAR VA at presentation and final follow-up were not statistically different. Half of patients were legally blind at final follow-up. Final VA was associated with presenting VA, glaucoma diagnosis, and cataract or keratopathy at presentation. Penetrating keratoplasty and keratoprosthesis implantation correlated with worse BCVA. Conclusions: Most aniridic patients in this large US-based cohort underwent at least 1 intraocular surgery. Cataract, glaucoma, and keratopathy were associated with worse VA and are important prognostic factors to consider when managing congenital aniridia.