The role of drugs in the treatment of autism

Abstract

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder is increasing. It usually presents in childhood with abnormal behaviour and development. The diagnosis can be difficult. There are often comorbidities which can cause confusion. Non-drug treatments are first line. Drug treatment is not effective for the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. However, drugs may have a role in managing comorbidities and related symptoms, such as irritability and aggression. Anxiety is a common comorbidity. Cognitive behaviour therapy can be effective, but in some cases selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may have a role. Most patients have problems sleeping, but drugs are not usually used to treat sleep disorders in children. Antipsychotics, such as risperidone, may be considered for irritability and aggression. Clonidine is first line for children with Tourette syndrome. Patients need regular monitoring because of the adverse effects of these drugs.