The analysis of owl pellets and their impact on knowledge of micromammals from Patagonia.

Abstract

Micromammals represent one of the most important components of the Neotropical terrestrial vertebrate communities. A widely used methodology to analyze the composition of their assemblages and the parameters that characterize them (i.e., richness, diversity) is the analysis of pellets produced by birds of prey. In Argentina, one of the pioneers in using this methodology was Elio Massoia. From that moment on, the studies based on the study of pellets to obtain information on small mammals were on the rise. The objective of this work is to document how this methodology changed our knowledge about Patagonian micromammals. We reviewed the published bibliography on pellet analysis and studies focused on small mammals for Argentinian Patagonia. The material recovered from pellets has made it possible to analyze the intraspecific variability of species poorly represented in museum collections or difficult to capture using traps. This tool also dramatically changed our perception of the biogeography and geographical distributions of many Patagonian species (e.g., Calomys musculinus, Galea leucoblephara, Graomys griseoflavus, Lestodelphys halli, Loxodontomys micropus, Microcavia australis, Notiomys edwardsii, Paynomys macronyx, Thylamys pallidior). Likewise, it allowed reconsidering the conservation categories of some species that were believed to be rare (i.e., N. edwardsii, L. halli, Euneomys chinchilloides and Irenomys tarsalis). Finally, it has also allowed us to reconstruct the structure of the assemblages and the changes on them since at least the Late Pleistocene, documenting regional retractions, dramatic variations in relative frequencies, and changes in the dominance of species in recent assemblages as a consequence of the anthropic impact. Pellet analysis of birds of prey represents a powerful tool, especially in large areas that would be difficult to survey by other methods.