The G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER, formerly known as GPR30) has attracted increasing interest, considering its ability to mediate estrogenic signaling in different cell types, including the hormone-sensitive tumors like breast cancer. As observed for other GPCR-mediated responses, the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor is a fundamental integration point in the biological action triggered by GPER. A wide number of natural and synthetic compounds, including estrogens and anti-estrogens, elicit stimulatory effects in breast cancer through GPER up-regulation and activation, suggesting that GPER function is associated with breast tumor progression and tamoxifen resistance. GPER has also been proposed as a candidate biomarker in triple-negative breast cancer, opening a novel scenario for a more comprehensive assessment of breast tumor patients. © 2014 Lappano, Pisano and Maggiolini.
CITATION STYLE
Lappano, R., Pisano, A., & Maggiolini, M. (2014). GPER function in breast cancer: An overview. Frontiers in Endocrinology. Frontiers Research Foundation. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2014.00066
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