Critical role for IL-1β in DNA damageinduced mucositis

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Abstract

β-TrCP, the substrate recognition subunit of SCF-type ubiquitin ligases, is ubiquitously expressed from two distinct paralogs, targeting for degradation many regulatory proteins, among which is the NF-κB inhibitor IκB. To appreciate tissue-specific roles of β-TrCP, we studied the consequences of inducible ablation of three or all four alleles of the E3 in the mouse gut. The ablation resulted in mucositis, a destructive gut mucosal inflammation, which is a common complication of different cancer therapies and represents a major obstacle to successful chemoradiation therapy. We identified epithelial-derived IL-1β as the culprit of mucositis onset, inducing mucosal barrier breach. Surprisingly, epithelial IL-1β is induced by DNA damage via an NF-κB-independent mechanism. Tissue damage caused by gut barrier disruption is exacerbated in the absence of NF-κB, with failure to express the endogenous IL-1β receptor antagonist IL-1Ra upon fourallele loss. Antibody neutralization of IL-1β prevents epithelial tight junction dysfunction and alleviates mucositis in β-TrCP-deficient mice. IL-1β antagonists should thus be considered for prevention and treatment of severe morbidity associated with mucositis.

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Kanarek, N., Grivennikov, S. I., Leshets, M., Lasry, A., Alkalay, I., Horwitz, E., … Ben-Neriah, Y. (2014). Critical role for IL-1β in DNA damageinduced mucositis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(6). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1322691111

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