Marijuana has been used for therapeutic purpose for many centuries. Cannabinoids are the constituents in marijuana (Cannabis sativa). Among the many cannabinoids, Δ−9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is psychoactive. Cannabidiol (CBD), however, devoid of psychoactive effects and is the most abundant cannabinoid. Recently, considerable interest has been directed to the therapeutic effects of CBD. CBD may exert their effects by binding to the variety of receptors. CB1 and CB2 are well characterized cannabinoid receptors which are G protein-coupled receptors. CB1 receptor is primarily expressed in the nerve terminals, and regulates neuro-transmitter release in the central nerve system. CB2 receptor is mainly expressed in non-neuronal cells outside the central nerve system such as lymphocytes and macrophages. In addition to these receptors, CBD has been reported to produce the effects via GPR55, TRP, 5-HT, and PPAR receptors. This review will focus on the therapeutic potential of CBD and its underlying mechanisms. 要旨: マリファナは古代より治療に用いられているが,マリファナに含まれるカンナビノイドの主成分として向精神作用 を持つΔ−9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)と持たないカンナビジオール(cannabidiol; CBD)がある.近年,向精神作 用を持たない CBD が様々な治療効果を示すことから注目されている.カンナビノイドは多様な受容体を介してその作 用を発揮する.カンナビノイド受容体としていずれも G 蛋白共役型受容体である CB1 と CB2 があるが,CB1 受容体 は主に神経細胞に発現しており神経伝達を調整している.CB2 受容体は中枢神経外の非神経細胞,特にリンパ球やマ クロファージに発現している.CBD はこれらの受容体以外に GPR55,TRP,5-HT,および PPAR 受容体を介してそ の作用を発揮すると考えられており,抗炎症作用,鎮痛作用,制吐作用,抗不安作用や糖尿病,癌,アルツハイマー病 などの予防や治療の有効性が報告されている.ここでは,CBD の治療効果とその作用機序について述べる. キーワード:CBD,カンナビジオール,治療効果
CITATION STYLE
Watanabe, M., Hayasaki, H., Yurugi, Y., & Watanabe, K. (2018). Therapeutic potential of cannabidiol and its underlying mechanisms. Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 9(2), 112–125. https://doi.org/10.15563/jalliedhealthsci.9.112
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