Effects of respiratory physiotherapy on the cardiopulmonary function of very low birth weight newborn infants

Abstract

Objective: To assess the effects of respiratory physiotherapy on cardiopulmonary function of ventilated preterm newborns infants (PTNB). Methods: This prospective study included PTNB with birth weight lower than 1500g. Before and after respiratory physiotherapy and endotracheal suction, the following parameters were evaluated: heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (O 2Sat), respiratory rate (RR) and blood pressure (BP). The newborns were evaluated in consecutive sessions between the 3rd-7th day of life by two therapists in the neonatal unit. HR, O2Sat and BP data were collected by electronic monitoring and RR by a stopwatch. Results were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA, being significant p<0.05. Results: We evaluated 42 PTNB, 57% females, with a mean birth weight of 1024g and a mean gestational age of 29.5 weeks. Only three PTNB had a 5th minute Apgar lower than 5. Respiratory Distress Syndrome was the most prevalent disease (88%). In total, 252 physiotherapy sessions were applied to these 42 infants. HR, RR, O2Sat and BP remained within the physiological limits after procedures, including endotracheal suction. Conclusions: Procedures for physiotherapy and endotracheal suction showed no significant influences on cardiopulmonary function, suggesting that, when properly carried out, they do not compromise the clinical stability of PNTB.