Carbohydrate Intake is Associated with Learning Concentration among High School Students in Jember Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to determine the relationship between learning concentration and several factors and to find themostdominantfactorinthestudentsofSMAN1Jember.Inthisstudy,learningconcentrationwasthedependentvariable,whilebreakfasthabits,nutrientintake(energy,carbohydrates,protein,fat,iron,zinc,vitamin B12, vitamin C), sleep quality, and physical activity were independent variables. This research is aquantitativestudy with cross-sectional design. This study conducted in June 2021 at SMAN 1 Jemberwith atotal of200 respondents who were selected using the quota sampling method. Data were collected throughfilling out online questionnaires. The data obtained were analyzed using univariate, bivariate analysis using chi-square,andmultivariateanalysisusingmultiplelogisticregression.Theresultsshowthat52.5%oftherespondents had a high learning concentration. The results also show that breakfast habits (p=0,016), energyintake(p=0,037),carbohydratesintake(p=0,000),andsleepquality(p=0,020)arerelatedtolearningconcentration among adolescents. The results of multivariate analysis showed that carbohydrate intake was thedominantfactor associatedwithlearningconcentrationinadolescents.