Pesticide residues in honeybees and some honeybee products in turkey

Abstract

In this study, residues of organochlorine (??) and organophosphate (OP) insecticides such as malathion, coumaphos and amitraz (used for the control of varroa) were analyzed on honey and pollen. Also, the residues of carbosulfan and carbaryl (that are used for the control of hazelnut's pest) were determined on honey bee. Honey and pollen samples were taken from beehives, and dead honeybees were collected from Akcakoca/Sakarya Region were insecticides for control of haselnut pests were used. Extracts obtained for ?? insecticides were analysed for 13 compound residues including a and -BHC, lindane, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, DDT and its derivatives (pp'DDT op'DDD, op'DDT, op'DDE and pp'DDE), heptachlor, and heptachlorepoxide by gas chromatography, using electron capture detector (ECD). OP insecticides in honey, pollen and propolis, and carbosulfan and carbaryl in honeybees were analysed by gas chromatography, using phosphate ionisation detector (FID). Residues of DDT and its derivatives, as well as the residues of aldrin endrin and dieldrin were detected in 6 of the 16 honey samples, and in 2 of the 8 pollen samples, in honey and pollen samples 10 of 13 ? pesticides were found at detectable levels, but the same pesticides were not detectable in propolis samples Detected residues were in ppb's and below the level of toxicity. According to the data obtained, one pollen sample was found to have more kinds of pesticides than the honey. This indicates that the ?? pesticides, before use during the blooming season of the areas where the honeybees wander about, had contaminated pollens and plants; and as a result, these pesticides and their metabolites are still present in honey and pollen due to their persistence, although they have not been used recently. Malathion, coumaphos and amitraz residues were detected at very low levels (0.007, 0.001 and 0.003 ppb, respectively) in one of the 16 pollen samples. Malathion, coumaphos and amitraz residues were not detected in any of the honey or propolis samples. Carbosulfan and carbaryl were detected in dead honeybees, which had been collected from 7 different stations in Akcakoca/Sakarya region.U ovim ispitivanjima analizirani su ostaci organohlornih (??) i organofosfornih (OP) insekticida kao sto su malation, kumafos i amitraz (koji su korisceni za suzbijanje varoe) u medu i polenu. Takodje, odredjivani su ostaci karbosulfana i karbarila (koji su korisceni za suzbijanje stetocina na lesnicima) u/na medonosnim pcelama. Uzorci meda i polena uzimani su iz kosnica sa podrucja prirnene insekticida, a uginule medonosne pcele sakupljane su u regionu Akcakoca/Sakarya u kome su korisceni insekticidi za suzbijanje stetocina na lesnicima. Ekstrakti dobijeni za ?? insekticide analizirani su na ostatke 13 jedinjenja, ukljucujuci a i (3-BHC lindan, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, DDT i njegove derivate (pp'DDT, op'DDT op'DDD, op'DDE i pp'DDE), heptahlor i heptahlorepoksid, gasnom hromatografijom, primenom detektora elektronskog zahvata (EC). OP insekticidi u medu, polenu i propolisu, a karbosulfan i karbaril u pcelama analizirani su gasnom hromatografijom primenom plameno-jonizujuceg detektora (FID). Ostaci DDT i njegovih derivata, kao i ostaci aldrina, dieldrina i endrina detektovani su u 6 od 16 uzoraka meda, i u 2 od 8 uzoraka polena. U uzorcima meda i polena, 10 od 13 ?? pesticida nadjeni su na nivou detektabilnosti, ali ovi pesticidi nisu detektovani u uzorcima propolisa. Ostaci su detektovani na nivou ppb i ispod nivoa toksicnosti. Prema dobijenim podacima, u jednom uzorku polena kolicina pesticida bila je znatno veca nego u medu. Ovo ukazuje da su ?? pesticidi, pre primene tokom sezone cvetanja u podrucju gde su pcele dolazile, kontaminirali polen i biljke, a kao rezultat toga ovi pesticidi i njihovi metaboliti su (zbog njihove perzistentnosti) prisutni u medu i polenu iako nisu u to vreme korisceni. Ostaci malationa, kumafosa i amitraza detektovani su u veoma malim kolicinama (0.007,0.001, odnosno 0.003 ppb), u jednom od 16 uzoraka polena. Ostaci malationa, kumafosa, i amitraza nisu detektovani ni u jednom uzorku meda ili propolisa. Karbosulfan i karbaril detektovani su u mrtvim pcelama koje su sakupljene na sedam razlicitih lokaliteta u regionu Akcakoca/Sakarya.