Review and assessment of current cadastral data models for 3D cadastral applications

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) cadastres are often described as the 3D digital representation of real property rights, restrictions, and responsibilities (legal objects). They can also contain physical counterparts (physical objects) of legal objects such as buildings and utility networks, on, above or under the surface. Implementation of 3D cadastres requires many elements such as existing 3D property registration laws, appropriate 3D data acquisition methods, 3D spatial database management systems, and functional 3D visualisation platforms. In addition, an appropriate 3D cadastral data model can also play a key role to ensure successful development of the 3D cadastre. Many jurisdictions have defined their own cadastral data models. However, none of them can fully support the requirements of 3D cadastres. This paper aims to explore the theories and concepts of the most common existing cadastral data models and investigate how they manage 3D legal and physical data. The result of this research can be used by cadastral data modellers to improve existing or develop new cadastral data models to support the requirements of 3D cadastres.