Bioinformatics: An application in information science

Abstract

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary subject of bonded relationship in between computer science, mathematics, and molecular biology. Biological information keeps growing tremendously. Molecular biologists are specialized in solving bioinformatics issues such as to store, analyze, and retrieve biological data by applying algorithm and techniques of computer science. This review is from the computer science perspective. The fundamental terminology of bioinformatics and its definition are essential to understand bioinformatics in depth. There are main three components of bioinformatics and data types. Data types are input format for tools or software. Real-life databases of bioinformatics are also discussed which are important for analyzing the algorithms. We then provide bioinformatics applications in various areas. As bioinformatics is a fusion from many disciplines, there are lots of research issues and challenges, but computational and biological research issues and challenges are quite significant. Nowadays, the tremendous amount of biological data are being generated, Due to them, bioinformatics has emerging future research trends in big data, machine learning, and deep learning which are presented at last.