Construction and validation of an instrument to measure knowledge of mothers and caregivers on complementary feeding of infants

Abstract

Adequate nutrition during the first two years of life is crucial for the full development of human potential. Inadequate, early, or late introduction of complementary feeding has consequences in the short-and long-term. Complementary feeding depends largely on the knowledge of the caregiver who, in Latin American countries, is usually the mother. Objective: To create and validate an instrument to measure knowledge about complementary feeding. Subjects and Method: Observational study in which 80 community mothers and 12 expert pediatricians participated. It was carried out in two stages, the creation of the instrument (following the 7 phases proposed by Sampieri) and the validation through the evaluation of the apparent validity, construct and content validity, internal consistency, and intra-observer reliability. Results: A self-administered instrument was created that initially included 14 questions about maternal and caregiver’s knowledge. During the validation of the construct, 3 domains were identified and four questions were eliminated. In the content validation, 10 questions of the final instrument scored higher than 9 (on a scale of 0-10) in the characteristics of quality, vocabulary, relevance, and topicality. The global internal consistency of the instrument was moderate (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.64) and the intra-observer reliability was acceptable (k: 0.21-0.40) for 80% of its items. Conclusions: the first self-administered instrument validated in the region to measure the knowledge of mothers and caregivers about complementary feeding is presented. It will allow to design and develop strategies in relation to maternal and caregiver’s knowledge of complementary feeding.