GC-MS Analysis of Various Crude Extracts from the Leaves, Flowers, and Stems of Datura metel Linnaeus 1753 and the Potential Activity as Anesthetic Agents on Fish

Abstract

Anesthesia made from the Datura metel (locally known as kecubung) has high potential as an alternative to synthetic fish anesthetics. This study aimed to identify the active compound in leaves, stems and flowers of D. metel and describe its potency as a fish anaesthetic agent. Samples of D. metel were collected from Takengon City, Aceh Tengah Regency, Indonesia. The phytochemical and fractionation tests were carried out at the Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory as well as the Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia. Maceration technique using n-hexan solvent for 24 hours at a ratio of 1:2 v/v. GC-MS analysis was carried out to identify the chemical compounds in the extracts. The results showed that, as many as eleven compounds in leaves, seven compounds in flowers, and two compounds in stems of D. Metel were potential as fish anesthetics agent. In leaves, several compounds that have the potential as anesthetics agent of fish include: seychellene; trans-caryophyllene; α-guaiene; 1h-3a,7-methanoazulene,2,3,6,7,8,8a-hexa; alloaromadendrene; δ-guaiene; (-)-caryophyllene oxide; epiglobulol; 2-pentadecanone,6,10,14-trimethyl-; phytol. In the flower, include: trans-caryophyllene; α-guaiene; seychellene; alloaromadendrene; (-)-caryophyllene oxide; phytol. While, in stems include: α-guaiene and seychellene. These substances have reportedly been utilized as anaesthetic agents for several fish, including Colossoma macropomum, Rhamdia quelen, and Oreochromis niloticus.