Restoration of Wetland and Riparian Systems: The Role of Science, Adaptive Management, History, and Values

Abstract

Riparian and wetland ecosystems have been extensively altered with increasing human demands for more available land for agriculture, water management, resource extraction and urbanization. More than fifty percent of the original wetlands in the United States were lost by the 1980s and more have been lost or greatly altered since (Gibbs 2000), while more than ninety percent of the riparian areas have been altered or lost (Kentula 1997). Recent realization that these ecosystems provide many beneficial services to both humans and natural processes has elevated the concern for their losses or degradation. Laws such as the Clean Water Act recognize the importance of wetlands and require protective action when wetlands are disturbed. Concern for water quality and wildlife habitat, as well as recreational potential, has encouraged individuals and communities to restore or rehabilitate those wetlands and riparian areas that have not been totally extirpated, and where lost, attempts are being made to recreate these systems.