Diffractive-Refractive Optics: X-ray Crystal Monochromators with Profiled Diffracting Surfaces

Abstract

X-ray refractive lenses are now well known and have been used successfully for focusing synchrotron radiation. However, refraction also occurs during Bragg and Laue diffraction from perfect crystals. This phenomenon is studied in detail in this chapter, and a possible application for X-ray monochromators with pro- filed diffracting surfaces is described. It is shown that by machining the diffracting crystal surface into a suitable shape it is possible to create a sagittally or meridionally focusing monochromator, as well as monochromators for filtering higher harmonics or the p polarization component over a broad range of wavelengths.