Consumo de alcohol y tabaco en escolares y adolescentes de Tunja, Colombia, 2009

Abstract

Objective Characterising tobacco and alcohol consumption, the linked psychosocial risk factors and protection factors in a sample of secondary/technical students in Tunja during 2009. Methods A prevalence study was carried out, assessing consumption prevalence and determinants in a sample of 1,515 schoolchildren aged 13 to 18 who were studying in grades 8 to 11. Results Mean age was 15.2 years (SD=1.42), 50.2% were female; life prevalence: 73.5% alcohol and 50.6% cigarette consumption, 51.7% drunkenness. Main consumption determinants were having a dysfunctional family, peer pressure and influence from partners, academic difficulties and conflicts with parents or guardians. Mean age at onset: transitional period between 12 and 13 years. Complete freedom of access to alcoholic beverages and cigarettes was reported. Conclusions It was found that alcohol and tobacco consumption frequency was quite high in this age group. Related factors were also determinant as they are subject to educational intervention and should be considered as a priority, particularly those related to the family environment and peer group, given the enormous influence exerted by friends and members of recreational or sports team groups on adolescents at this age.