Trade off under low-carbon economy: Ocean shipping vessel speed, carbon emission or Shipowner's profit

Abstract

This paper studies ships' optimum operating speed under low-carbon economy. It analyzes the relations between ship's carbon emission and the operating speed, gets the optimum speed under minimum carbon emission, establishes the relations between the shipowner's profit and the speed, and derives the maximum profit from the speed under which the entire fleet minimum carbon emission. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013.