Proteomics quantification of protein nitration

Abstract

Protein tyrosine nitration is a post-translational modification (PTM) that can occur in biological systems under conditions of oxidative stress. This PTM can impact protein structure and function and has been linked to diseases such as Alzheimeŕs disease, cardiomyopathy, and arthritis. In order to understand the role that 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT) plays in disease states, a better understanding at the macromolecular level is necessary. Proteomics is a powerful approach that can simultaneously measure hundreds to thousands of proteins in normal or diseased states and thus can be helpful in the analysis of 3NT-modified proteins. Recently, some attention has been focused on the development of proteomic workflows that provide enrichment, characterization, and relative quantification of 3NT-modified proteins. These approaches rely on gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. This review provides an overview of current proteomics approaches for 3NT-modified proteins and highlights current MS-based methods for quantification of this PTM.