Abstract
Major chromosomal abnormalities account for 5 to 8% of congenital heart disease (CHD). A few congenital anomalies are due to teratogens such as alcohol, lithium, or retinoic acid, or to single gene defects. Most, however, are due to the interplay of genetic abnormalities with environmental factors or chance. © 2006 Humana Press Inc.
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CITATION STYLE
APA
Hoffman, J. I. E. (2006). Congenital heart disease. In Essential Cardiology: Principles and Practice: Second Edition (pp. 393–406). Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-918-9_21
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