Immune responses following experimental human hookworm infection

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Abstract

To characterize the immune response following primary human hookworm infection, an adult volunteer was infected with 50 L3 larvae of Necator americanus, reinfected 27 months later and followed for a further 6 months. Clinical signs, blood picture, ex-vivo peripheral blood cytokine production (IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-13, IL-1O to mitogen and hookworm antigen), acute phase proteins (APP) (C-reactive protein, CRP and α1-antitrypsin, α-AT) and antibody levels were determined. Dermatitis, oedema, mild nausea and abdominal discomfort followed the primary infection. Eosinophil counts peaked early during both infections but remained elevated (̃18%) throughout. Transient production of IL-5, IL-13 and APP also followed infection but there were negligible levels of IFN-γor IL-1O. The onset of nausea, oedema and the initial rise in CRP, α1-AT, eosinophilia and IL-5 coincided (days 13-27) with the late larval migration and early establishment of the preadult worms in the intestine. Apart from the eosinophilia these responses declined to baseline levels within 4 months and were less pronounced on re-infection. © 2005 British Society for Immunology.

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Wright, V., & Bickle, Q. (2005). Immune responses following experimental human hookworm infection. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 142(2), 398–403. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02945.x

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