Strengths and weaknesses of the food fortification programme for the elimination of vitamin A deficiency in the Philippines

Abstract

The strengths and weaknesses of the food fortification programme for the elimination of vitamin A deficiency in the Philippines were identified based on availability of supporting data, fortification vehicles, fortification technology, government action, and support from various sectors. The programme has strengths in all aspects. Available data on the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and vitamin A intake, recommended dietary allowances, and guidelines on fortification of foods were used in the development of the programme. The vehicles are widely consumed and centrally processed. The fortificants used were suitable to the specific vehicles. The efficacy of vitamin A-fortified margarine and pandesal bread has been proven. The development of a strategic plan for food fortification, the formulation of fortification legislation, and the implementation of the Sangkap Pinoy Seal programme have been supported by government action at the executive and legislative levels. The food industry has provided support in the establishment of the fortification technology. Non-governmental and international agencies, academia, and the media continue to provide assistance in the implementation of the programme. One of the weaknesses of the programme is that there is no clear policy on food fortification. The programme remains a component of the Plan of Action for Nutrition and the National Micronutrient Operations Plan. The Sangkap Pinoy Seal programme, which encourages the fortification of any food product, has caused a proliferation of fortified non-staple foods in the market. Foreign exchange continues to affect the sustainability of the programme. The effectiveness of other fortified foods still needs to be determined. The programme, with all its strengths, shows great promise for sustainability. The weaknesses of the programme should, however, be addressed urgently by all concerned sectors to meet the programme's objectives.