Mental health risks in Arab Americans across the lifespan

Abstract

The unique nature of mental health risks, as well as protective factors, in Arab Americans is explored from a developmental perspective. The timing of entry into the USA, relative to age and historical events is considered in terms of the impact on identity as well as the degree and nature of stress experienced. A complex relationship between acculturation and mental health is revealed. The most adaptive pattern of acculturation may depend upon an interaction of personal, cultural, and situational factors, including religious affiliation, education, and nature of relocation. Recent immigrants with high levels of pre-immigration trauma as well as perceived hostility are at risk for mental health problems such as depression, panic, and PTSD. Yet, perceived personal control over hostile environments may enhance resilience. Cultural elements, including an emphasis on shame may limit both help-seeking behaviors, and clinical research. Assessment and treatment practices within a cultural context are detailed.