Tolerance through Indifference: Autoreactive B Cells to the Nuclear Antigen La Show No Evidence of Tolerance in a Transgenic Model

Abstract

Systemic autoimmune diseases are characterized by the production of high titer autoantibodies specific for ubiquitous nuclear self-Ags such as DNA, Sm, and La (SS-B), so the normal mechanisms of B cell tolerance to disease-associated nuclear Ags have been of great interest. Mechanisms of B cell tolerance include deletion, anergy, developmental arrest, receptor editing, and B cell differentiation to the B-1 subtype. However, recent studies in our laboratory have suggested that B cell tolerance to the nuclear autoantigen La is limited in normal mice, and tolerance may reside primarily in the T cell compartment. To test this hypothesis, we created Ig transgenic mice expressing the IgM H chain from an mAb specific for a xenogeneic epitope within human La (hLa). These mice were bred with hLa-transgenic mice that constitutively express hLa in a manner comparable to endogenous mouse La. Between 5–15% of transgenic B cells developing in the absence of hLa were specific for hLa, and these cells were neither depleted nor developmentally arrested in the presence of endogenous hLa expression. Instead, these autoreactive B cells matured normally and differentiated into Ab-forming cells, capable of secreting high titer autoantibody. Additionally, the life span of autoreactive hLa-specific B cells was not reduced, and they were phenotypically and functionally indistinguishable from naive nonautoreactive hLa-specific B cells developing in the absence of hLa. Together these data suggest a lack of intrinsic B cell tolerance involving any known mechanisms indicating that these autoreactive B cells are indifferent to their autoantigen.