Metabolic Status and Milk Productivity of Cows Injected with A Tissue Biostimulant Derived from Reindeer Husbandry Waste

Abstract

The metabolism intensity and pathways during lactation largely determine cow milk produc-tion. The use of tissue bio-stimulants optimizes metabolic processes in animal body by activating neu-rohumoral regulation mechanisms and has a positive effect on lactogenesis and lactopoesis. Tissue bio-stimulants are derived from various raw materials under various technologies. Therefore, understanding the mode of their action on physiological status and productive qualities of farm animals is relevant. This paper is the first experimental conformation that fourfold administration of the new tissue bio-stimulant to cows during the dry period and the first 100 days of lactation promotes protein and lipid metabolism in lactating cows. It was proven that the administration of the tissue bio-stimulant accord-ing to the developed scheme increases daily milk yields and milk protein and butterfat yields during the first 60 days of lactation. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of the new tissue bio-stimulant derived from reindeer waste on metabolic indices of cows and their milk production. The study was conducted in the herd of Black-Pied cows of the Priobskiy type during dry period and early lactation (the farm of the AO Uchkhoz Prigorodnoye, Barnaul, the Altai Region, 2019). Dry cows at the 3rd lactation were assigned to two groups (n = 10) 55-60 days before the expected calving. In the control group, saline solution was injected during the dry period (55-60 days before the expected calving fourfold, 22.5 ml per head two weeks apart) and during the first 100 days of lactation - from day 15 at the same dose and frequency. In the trial group, the tissue bio-stimulant was administered according to the same scheme. The batch of the tissue bio-stimulant (Russian Patent No. 2682641) was obtained from mesenteric lymph nodes and mediastinums, spleen, liver, uteri with 2-3 month old fetuses, and placentae collected under aseptic conditions from healthy animals at slaughtering. Before the experi-ment and on days 15 and 60 of lactation, blood samples were collected from the tail veins into clot activator tubes. The levels of total blood protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose were measured (an automated ChemWell Combi 2910 Analyzer, Awareness Technology Inc., USA), the amount of blood globulins, the albumin to globulin ratio and the cholesterol to triglyceride ratio were calculated. The daily milk yields were recorded on days 15, 30, and 60 of lactation by control milking; the milk yield over 60 days of lactation was calculated. On days 15 and 60 of lactation, the concen-trations of protein and butterfat in milk were determined (a MilkoScan FT 120 analyzer, Foss Electric, Denmark), the yields of milk protein and butterfat over 60 days of lactation were calculated according to the common formula. The administration of the tissue bio-stimulant had a promoting effect on metabolism activation and increased the indices of constructive and energy metabolism. The serum levels of total protein, albumin, and cholesterol increased by 3.0-6.4 % (p < 0.01), 9.2-6.9 % (p < 0.001), and 18.3-26.0 % (p < 0.01), respectively, albumin to globulin ratio by 9.0-11.1 % (p < 0.01) as compared to the control. On day 60 of lactation vs. day 15, the total serum protein increased by 9.7 % (p < 0.001) and 6.1 % (p < 0.001) in control group and trial group, respectively, serum globulin by 20.5 % (p < 0.001) and 16.2 % (p < 0.001), and cholesterol by 2.0 % and 8.6 % (p < 0.01). The albumin to globulin ratio decreased by 18.2 % (p < 0.001) and 16.7 % (p < 0.001). In the trial group, milk production for 60 days of lactation increased by 19.3 % (p < 0.01) and the yields of milk protein and butterfat by 26.7 % (p < 0.05) and 22.1 % (p < 0.05).