Transportation emissions: Sources and regulation

Abstract

The transportation sector accounts for a significant fraction of Canada's criteria air contaminant (CAC) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These emissions are reviewed in this chapter separately for on-road vehicles, off-road vehicles, aviation, marine and rail sub-sectors. Each subsection aims to quantify the emissions, identify the tools and methodologies for estimating emission inventories, identify the regulations and regulatory authorities for managing the emissions, and address interactions between emission regulations and fuel regulations where appropriate. The complex emission regulations governing the transportation sector are presented in detail. The alignment of emission regulations with those in the United States and other international organizations is discussed for different sub-sectors. The relationship between CAC and GHG emissions is examined in terms of the past trends with time and projections into the future.