Análise de grupos estratégicos e desempenho na indústria de bancos comerciais no brasil

Abstract

This paper’s objective is to identify the relationship between strategic groups and performance in the Brazilian private banking industry. In order to reach this objective, a study was conducted in the industry of commercial banks in Brazil, from January to December 2007, in a sample of 28 banks, through factor analysis, cluster analysis and a comparison of descriptive averages. The cluster analysis indicated the presence of four strategic groups: a group of 22 banks (Group 1), another formed by the two largest commercial banks in Brazil (Group 2), one formed only by the Bank of Brazil (Group 3) and one formed by three private commercial banks (Group 4). We could see that the Group 2 sought a strategy based on its financial resources, enabling it to adopt a cost related positioning strategy. Group 3 adopted a strategy based on product diversity and quality, with a geographically broad scope. Group 4 chose a strategy of differentiation with a relatively large geographic scope. Based on performance indicators ROA and ROE, Group 2 (Itau and Bradesco) showed superior performance in return on assets and the Bank of Brazil (Group 3) in return on equity.