Aerodynamic drag interactions between cyclists in a team pursuit

Abstract

Performance in cycling events is strongly dependent on aerodynamic drag due to the high proportion of resistance that it contributes. The drag of individual cyclists has been shown to vary with riding posture and the drag of cyclists travelling in close proximity will vary as a function of separation distance. However, the influence of riding posture and the interplay between cyclists in a team is a complex problem that is not well understood. This study aims to develop a better understanding of the aerodynamic drag interactions between cyclists riding in a team as a function of their riding position. A team of four athletes was tested in the Monash University Wind Tunnel using a bespoke force balance that can measure drag on all four athletes simultaneously. Compared to an individual rider, the four riders in a team experienced mean drag savings of 5, 45, 55 and 57 % in positions 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the team, respectively. The results of individual athlete tests were shown to be a good indicator of drag response when applied in a team environment. Strong aerodynamic interactions were observed between the riders in a pursuit team. However, these varied significantly and appear to be unique functions of individual athlete body shape. Given the small winning margins at the elite level, a detailed understanding of the interactions between riders will deliver a performance edge. However, it appears necessary to test the actual athletes in situ to fully optimise performance as general trends were not consistent.