EFL Learners' Self-regulation, Critical Thinking and Language Achievement

Abstract

Graphene is formed through the thermally induced decomposition of C60 in combination with a Ni thin film. After transfer to a SiO2 substrate, optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy confirm the presence of graphene for films of C60 buried under nickel or alternatively for C60 adsorbed on a nickel surface. For buried films the graphene thickness is shown to depend on the fullerene dosage, with evidence of domain growth from nucleation sites separated by tens of micrometers. The adsorption of C60 and the changes arising from annealing are also monitored using scanning tunneling microscopy. We relate our results to previous studies of the decomposition of C60 on nickel and other transition metals.