Interactive soybean variable-rate seeding simulator for farmers

Abstract

Seed expense is a critical component affecting soybean (Glycine max L.) production cost. Achieving potential benefits of adjusting seeding rates by yield environment requires translation from theory to practice through decision support tools. This article introduces the soybean variable-rate seeding (VRS) simulator, an interactive web-tool designed to facilitate VRS decisions. A group of agronomists and farmers provided input and feedback to the tool's original design, usability, interactive features, and tool outputs. The simulator generates variable rate seeding recommendations by (a) aggregating and classifying 3 yr of historical soybean yield maps using either yield level (low, medium, or high) or temporal yield stability (stable or unstable) classes, and (b) estimating the difference between the farmers current uniform seeding rate and the optimal seeding rates calibrated for different yield environments of the U.S. Midwest region. For each yield environment, the tool suggests a seeding rate change accompanied by an expected yield increase. Marginal economic and break-even price analyses of each VRS prescription choice are also provided considering soybean plant survival rate, seed cost, market price, and crop production costs. A step-by-step description is provided using a dataset of real, historical, on-farm soybean yield maps to illustrate the tool's features and limitations. Simulated results indicate that compared to typical fixed seeding rate choices, following the tool's recommendations could improve profits between US$5 and 57 ha–1. The development of this tool contributes to a growing trend of user-friendly interfaces that assist in translating core agronomic knowledge into practical solutions.