Anisotropic yield functions

Abstract

The development of yield functions for anisotropic materials is presented in a concise manner. Although the models considered are expressed at the continuum scale, the physical principles guiding the development are underlined. This review considers mostly the description of plastic anisotropy under the assumption of isotropic hardening, which includes the case of materials exhibiting the strength-differential effect. However, an extension of the yield function concept to the modeling of the Bauschinger effect and other anisotropic hardening phenomena is briefly introduced.