Femtosecond laser-cut autologous anterior lens capsule transplantation to treat refractory macular holes

Abstract

Background: To report the long-term outcomes of round autologous anterior lens capsules (ALCs) cut by a femtosecond laser (FSL) and transplanted onto refractory macular holes (MHs) in a prospective interventional study. Methods: Three eyes of three patients were included for persistent MH after reattached rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) (n = 2) or RRD recurrence by persistent MH (n = 1), in a university hospital. A 6 mm diameter ALC disc was carefully extracted during FSL-assisted lens extraction, stained with 0.06% trypan blue, decellularised, transplanted using a catheter and unfolded over the MH. Gas or silicone-oil tamponade was used. At 1 year, the main criterion was anatomic success, defined as complete MH closure. Secondary criteria were changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ellipsoid zone (EZ) and external limiting membrane (ELM) defects, complications. Results: Baseline data were: minimum and maximum diameters, respectively 887, 1079 and 1180 μm; 1260, 1213 and 1350 μm; central posterior staphyloma in two highly myopic eyes; number of prior surgeries 2 ± 1. At 1 year, the three MHs were closed with stable transplanted ALCs. Distant BCVA improved respectively from 3.0, 0.8, 3.0 to 1.0, 0.2, 0.7 logMAR, i.e. all eyes achieved ≥0.3 logMAR improvement. All patients had decreased EZ and ELM defects, without reaching normal profile. No adverse event occurred. Conclusions: FSL-cut ALC helps standardise this challenging surgery: it prevents from tears and facilitates manipulation, so that the ALC disc is perfectly transparent and biocompatible, with a large MH overlap. One-year follow-up highlighted that this technique helps safely close refractory MHs with satisfactory visual recovery.