A review of the cardiac and cardiovascular effects of covid-19 in adults and children

Abstract

Symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) typically affects the respiratory system but can involve the cardiovascular system. Cardiac complications of COVID-19 can result directly from myocarditis or indirectly from numerous other mechanisms. Differentiating between primary and secondary cardiovascular involvement—our focus in this review— may help to identify the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the heart in adults and children. (Tex Heart Inst J 2021;48(3):e207395).