EFFICIENCY OF BREEDING OF THE ALATAU BREED OF BROWN CATTLE IN THE "ADAL" AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPANY JSC

Abstract

Modernization of breeding and technical potential in daily cattle breeding is a priority condition in increasing the economic efficiency of breeding of the Alatau cattle breed. It is established that cows of the Alatau breed of the nuclear stock produce 7661 +/- 92.8 kg of milk, of the breeding group - 6761 +/- 71.3 kg. On average, the cows of the Alatau breed produced milk in the amount of 7268 +/- 75.9 kg, with a mass fraction of fat in milk 3.82 +/- 0.09%. The yield of milk fat was 277.6 +/- 3.2 kg for cows of the Alatau breed with an average live weight of 620 +/- 17.5 kg. In the first lactation, the milk yield averaged 6604 +/- 81.4 kg with an average milk fat content of 3.81 +/- 0.07%. Cows reaching the third and subsequent lactation on average showed the milk yield of 8235 +/- 101.7 kg with a mass fraction of milk fat of 3.84 +/- 0.08%. According to the live weight, all the age groups of cows exceeded the requirements of the 1st quality class. According to the Alatau breed of dairy cattle, there were used the bulls of the Swiss breed with the milk yield of M (mother) and MF (mother of the father) of 10,424-14,784 kg with a fat content of 3.57-3.68%. During the research, it was found that the live weight increases from birth to 17-18 months of age more than 12-13 times, and the average daily gain from birth to 18 months of age is 700-800 g per day. Based on the conducted studies in the period of 2015-2018, we believe that the aim of growing dairy heifers of the Alatau breed concludes: the age of the heifers at calving is 24 months; the live weight of heifers at calving is from 85% to 90% of the live weight of the adult animal; fatness of heifers at calving is 3 (1-5); age at insemination - 15 months; the live weight of heifers when inseminated is from 55% to 60% of the live weight of the adult animal; fatness of heifers during insemination - 3 (1-5). With the average daily weight gain of 750 g at the age of 2 months, the calves should have a live weight of 75-90 kg, at a 6-month age - 180-220 kg, at 15-month age - 380-420 kg and at the age of 2 years - 580-620 kg. Heifers with a uniform gain in live weight in all age periods have a high fertility, and at the time of calving can produce offspring with a high live weight at birth, in addition, during the first lactation they produce high-quality milk in a greater volume.