A specific method for qualitative medical research: The IPSE (Inductive Process to analyze the Structure of lived Experience) approach

Abstract

Background: This paper reports the construction and use of a specific method for qualitative medical research: The Inductive Process to Analyze the Structure of lived Experience (IPSE), an inductive and phenomenological approach designed to gain the closest access possible to the patients' experience and to produce concrete recommendations for improving care. This paper describes this innovative method. Methods: IPSE has five steps: 1) set up a research group, 2) ensure the originality of the research, 3) organize recruitment and sampling intended to optimize exemplarity, 4) collect data that enable entry into the subjects' experience, and 5) analyze the data. This final stage is composed of one individual descriptive phase, followed by two group phases: I) structure the experience, and ii) translate the findings into concrete proposals that make a difference in care. Results: This innovative method has provided original findings that have opened up new avenues of research and have important practical implications, including (1) the development of patient-reported outcomes, (2) clinical recommendations concerning assessment and treatment, (3) innovative ways to improve communication between patients and doctors, and (4) new insights for medical pedagogy. Conclusions: IPSE is a qualitative method specifically developed for clinical medical research to reach concrete proposals, easily combined with quantitative research within a mixed-method study design and then directly integrated within evidence-based medicine.