Evaluation of augmented reality remedial worksheet based on AVCTP algorithm for negative numbers (AR2WN2)

Abstract

The original work on development of Augmented Reality Remedial Worksheet System for Negative Numbers Subtraction Operation (AR2WN2),which is a system designed to assist remedial learners visualize correct thinking process (CTP) on negative numbers subtraction operation, using visualization of correct thinking process (AVCTP) via an animated step-by-step algorithm involved five stages: i) to identifying incorrect steps taken by respondents for items tested; ii) to predict incorrect thinking process (ITP) of respondents based on incorrect solution identified at stage (i); iii) to scaffold respondents based on the ITP predicted towards a CTP based on AVCTP that can be emulated by remedial learners; iv) to create a flowchart algorithm for negative numbers subtraction operation involving two integers based on the AVCTP identified from stage (iii) and v) evaluation of AR2WN2 through a usability testing. Thus, a Usability Testing on AR2WN2 involving two integers based on AVCTP, was conducted on the five (5) selected constructs: ease of use, learnability, effectiveness, flexibility and attitude of users on the AR2WN2 system. The respondents of this study involved 124 students aged 14 years old and six (6) Mathematics teachers from two secondary schools in Malaysia. However, this paper highlights only the Effectiveness and Ease of use constructs based on the five (5) components/modules: History, Thematic (Job), Diagnostic Assessment, Hybrid and Learning Game. The Ease of use construct and its components were measured based on the Data Analysis Model 1 (DAM1). Generally, findings of the usability testing on the 'Effectiveness' and 'Ease of use' constructs of the AR2WN2 system based on the components mentioned earlier, indicated either highly or moderately accepted or both respectively, by the remedial learners and Mathematics teachers. © 2013 Springer International Publishing.